Saving data with join table

I recommend to stop using non-conventional naming. This will only get you in trouble, and likely already has.

$this->belongsToMany(‘CamelCaseNaming’, […]

etc

Also, never directly assign the primary keys, never needed in these cases.
Create workers using the documented newEntity() etc.

Or did you want to assign this to a foreign key? $worker->pivot_table->plz_id = .. ?